Co-infection withOnchocerca volvulusandLoa loamicrofilariae in central Cameroon: are these two species interacting?

Are These Two Versions the Same ? Functional

The first study of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and brucellosis co-infection in west-central Iran

Background: BIV is a well-known bovine immunosuppressive cause, but its pathogenesis has not been well characterized. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that infection with BIV might predispose cattle to be infected by other agents. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate of BIV and Brucella co-infection so that in the future more studies will be done on the issue of predispos...

A new parameterization for estimating co-occurrence of interacting species.

Models currently used to estimate patterns of species co-occurrence while accounting for errors in detection of species can be difficult to fit when the effects of covariates on species occurrence probabilities are included. The source of the estimation problems is the particular parameterization used to specify species co-occurrence probability. We develop a new parameterization for estimating...

Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and hepatitis B virus co-infection and risk factors for acquiring these infections in the Fako division of Southwest Cameroon

BACKGROUND Past studies have demonstrated that a large population of Cameroonians are afflicted with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) demonstrating a need for better prevention programs. We aim to describe the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HIV/HBV co-infection; examine the association between HIV and HBV; and determine risk correlates associated with HIV and HBV tr...

Oscillations and patterns in interacting populations of two species.

Interacting populations often create complicated spatiotemporal behavior, and understanding it is a basic problem in the dynamics of spatial systems. We study the two-species case by simulations of a host-parasitoid model. In the case of coexistence, there are spatial patterns leading to noise-sustained oscillations. We introduce a measure for the patterns, and explain the oscillations as a con...